In the context of ISO 9001:2015, Clause 4 requires organizations to determine external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and that affect its ability to achieve the intended outcomes of its quality management system. "External issues" can encompass a variety of factors depending on the nature, size, and environment of the organization. Here are a few examples of external issues that might affect an organization:

1. Economic Factors: Changes in the economic environment could impact an organization's performance. For instance, an economic downturn could reduce demand for products and services, alter consumer spending habits, or affect funding availability.
2. Legal and Regulatory Changes: Any changes in laws or regulations related to the organization’s industry can significantly impact operational practices. For example, stricter environmental regulations might require changes in manufacturing processes, or new data protection laws (like GDPR) could necessitate adjustments in how customer data is handled.
3. Technological Changes: Advances in technology could render existing products obsolete or require the adoption of new technologies for production or service delivery. For example, the rise of digital streaming services has dramatically impacted the physical media industries like DVDs and Blu-Ray discs.
4. Market Trends and Competition: Changes in market trends or increased competition can affect an organization’s market share or influence how products and services are developed. For example, a shift towards sustainability and eco-friendly products might require an organization to innovate its product lines to meet these new consumer demands.
5. Social and Cultural Trends: Shifts in cultural or social attitudes can impact organizational strategy. For instance, increasing awareness of health issues might boost demand for healthier food options, affecting food manufacturers and retailers.
6. International Factors: For organizations operating globally, factors like currency fluctuations, trade restrictions, or political instability can have significant impacts.
7. Supply Chain Issues: Disruptions in the supply chain, whether due to natural disasters, political instability, or other factors, can have a direct impact on production capabilities and overall business continuity.

By identifying and monitoring these external issues, organizations can better prepare and adapt their strategies to mitigate adverse effects on their quality management systems and overall business operations.